stay C++ in , Arrays are closely related to pointers . Any expression implemented by arrays and subscripts can be implemented equivalently by pointers and offsets . Let's first introduce the relationship between one-dimensional array and pointer , Then we introduce the row pointer and column pointer of two-dimensional array .

1. One dimensional arrays and pointers

Define a length of 3 One dimensional array of a：

int a[3] = {
    1, 2, 3};

Assume that the first element address is 0x9F36FAE8, The schematic diagram of array elements in memory is shown in the following figure ：

1.1 A pointer to an array element

Pointers to array elements are declared and initialized as follows ：

int* p = a;  /*  Equivalent to p = &a[0] */

Here is a declaration pointing to an array a Pointer to the first element of p.

Because in C++ in The array name is the address of the first element of the array , The array pointer name can be used to initialize directly , You can also explicitly take the address of the array element （ Such as &a[0]）.

For arrays a And a pointer to its first element p, There are the following equivalent forms ：

* according to C++ Definition of address arithmetic operation , No matter what a Is it an array name or a pointer , There are

• a[i] Equivalent to *(a+i)
• &a[i] Equivalent to a+i

1.2 Pointer to array

The pointer to the array is declared and initialized as follows ：

int (*q)[3] = &a;

Here is a declaration pointing to an array a In itself The pointer to q, therefore *q Equivalent to a.

Be careful ： Array a The address of &a Numerically equal to the address of its first element a, But the two types are different .

For arrays a And a pointer to itself q, There are the following equivalent forms ：

2. Two dimensional arrays and pointers

Define a size as 2×3 Two dimensional array of a：

int a[2][3] = {
    {
    1, 2, 3}, {
    4, 5, 6}};

Assume that the first element address is 0x19AFFC48.

A two-dimensional array can be conceptually understood as a matrix ：

But the actual storage form of two-dimensional array in memory is Store... In line order , As shown in the figure below ：

It can be seen that , Two dimensional arrays are stored in memory in a form similar to one-dimensional arrays , Elements a[i][j] The offset of can be calculated using the formula i* Number of columns +j Calculation .

Although two-dimensional arrays are not stored in the form of matrices , but Each row of a two-dimensional array is a one-dimensional array , At this point, it is consistent with the concept of matrix .

2.1 Address operation

Because a two-dimensional array is an array of a one-dimensional array , The element type is a one-dimensional array , The array name is still the address of the first element . ad locum “ First element ” Is the first line of a two-dimensional array , therefore a Is the address of the first line . Use array names a The following address operations can be performed .

2.1.1 That's ok

From this we can see that , Even if the type of array element becomes a one-dimensional array ,1.1 The final conclusion of this section is still valid .

2.1.2 Array elements

2.2 Row pointer

The declaration and initialization of two-dimensional array row pointers are as follows ：

int (*q)[3] = a;  /*  Equivalent to q = &a[0] */

Here is a declaration pointing to a two-dimensional array a Pointer to the first line q, therefore *q Equivalent to a[0].

It can be seen from the grammar that , Row pointers are essentially pointers to arrays . Two dimensional array a First line a[0] It's going to be a length of PI 3 One dimensional array of , So you can use its address &a[0] To initialize the line pointer q. On the other hand , Because the array name is the address of the first element , therefore a Equivalent to &a[0].

For two dimensional arrays a And a pointer to the first line q, There are the following equivalent forms ：

Expressions related to array elements are not listed here .

2.3 Column pointer

The declaration and initialization of two-dimensional array column pointers are as follows ：

int *p = &a[0][0];

Here is a declaration pointing to a two-dimensional array a Pointer to the first row and first column elements p.

It can be seen that , Column pointers are ordinary pointers to array elements . A two-dimensional array can be treated as a one-dimensional array through a column pointer 、 Use the offset calculation formula to access the array elements .

For two dimensional arrays a And a pointer to its first row and first column elements p, There are the following equivalent forms ：

3. Reference resources

Two dimensional arrays and pointers ( Detailed explanation )